民营经济对制度变迁的影响——基于清末至民国的近代经济史考察

经济发展与制度变迁存在互动关系。民营经济发展具有正当性，需要建立与之相适应的上层建筑，作为制度供给者的国家压抑民营经济发展会导致经济基础对上层建筑的强力反弹甚至引发政权更迭。辛亥革命、南京政府崛起、国民党在大陆统治崩溃三次制度变迁的背后，民营经济都发挥了重要作用。发展社会主义市场经济应以史为鉴、尊重规律，还原民营经济发展的正当性，破除制度约束，引导民营经济发挥良好社会作用。

On Influence of the Private Economy on the Institutional Change Evidence from Chinese Modern Economic History

There is great interaction between economic development and institutional change. The development of private economy is legitimate and needs suitable institution to match with. As the institutional provider, if the government impedes the development of private economy, the economic basis will withstand the superstructure fiercely, which may even lead to regime change. In the modern history of China, private economy plays an important role in the three greatest institutional transformations： the Revolution of 1911, the rise of Nanking National Government, and the collapse of KMT regime in mainland China. To develop the socialist market economy, we should take history as a mirror, respect objective law, admit the legitimacy of private economy and guide it to play a great role in social development.