"六经之教"与儒家文论话语建构

作为儒家的学统,“六经之教”是理解儒家文论及其意义的内在视野,它深刻地影响了儒家文论话语的建构。首先,经典意识确立了儒家文论“宗经、征圣、明道”的最高原则,儒者因此致力于论证“道”、“圣”、“经”的同一与贯通,抽绎“六经”文本的文体品性和作文规则。其次,“立象尽意”、“知人论世”、“以易逆志”和“知言养气”实质性构成儒家经典释义学的基本框架,实现了对“六经”的价值转换,并在对“六经”的诠释中引领出有关文艺根本精神和文论构建思路的理解。最后,“六经之教”规范了儒家文论的价值取向,直接生发出的文论意义就是文艺成为“成人”的助缘、媒介和途径,其文化功能在于造就情欲与理性和谐统一的道德理性的个体生命。

The Teaching of the Six Classics and the Discourse Construction of Confucian Literary Theory

The teaching of the Six Classics is important for people to gain an insight into Confucian literary theory and its significance,and it has a profound influence on the discourse construction of Confucian literary theory.First of all,the consciousness of Confucian classics established the supreme principles of Confucian literary theory—″Zongjing″(to follow the Confucian classics),″Zhengsheng″(to consult the Confucian sage) and ″Mingtao″(to be back to the Confucian Tao).That is why the Confucians dedicated themselves to proving the oneness and coherence of ″Tao,″″the Sage″ and ″the Classics,″and to extracting the stylistic characteristics and text structure by analyzing the texts of the Six Classics.Secondly,″Lixiang Jinyi″(showing images to expound meanings),″Zhiren Lunshi″(researching the social background in order to make a comment on a person),″Yiyi Nizhi″(going against the Will via the senses),and ″Zhiyan Yangqi″(storing up Chi in order to understand words) formed the basic framework of Confucian classical hermeneutics,transformed the values of the Six Classics,and enlightened people to make sense of the artistic essence and construction of literary theory.Finally,the teaching of the Six Classics regulated the value orientation of the Confucian literary theory.In this sense,literature and art could be regarded as an aid,a medium and an approach to make a person a true man.Its cultural function is to create individuals with a moral and rational balance between reason and emotion.