“现代民防”： 安全治理新建构

随着安全重心从军事、政治等“高政治安全”逐步向经济、社会、环境等“低政治安全”下沉，安全维护的内容更加丰富与复杂，手段更加多元与综合，安全治理已成为非传统安全能力建设的“新范式”。我国安全维护的实践特别是民防建设更多地停留在传统安全的理念与框架下，在安全维护上存在的诸多困境使之无法全面有效应对常态化、复合化的非传统安全威胁的挑战。“现代民防”涵盖“战备民防”、“灾害民防”与“生活民防”三个维度，为新时期的安全治理提供了新的路径导向。我国应在“现代民防”的框架设计下，逐步深化现代民防的法律法规、反应机制、专业队伍与国际合作等方面的建设，建立现代民防体系，着实提升我国安全治理能力。

Modern Civil Protection: A New Construction of Security Governance

China is currently facing normalized and complex nontraditional security issues,greatly challenging the basic social order,people’s lives,property and living environment.As a consequence,″security governance,″ which asserts public protection,mutual protection,other’s protection and self protection,is now showing a strong tendency to replace the traditional ″security management″ and ″security control″ and is therefore on the rise as an alternative ″paradigm″to nontraditional security capacity building. With the purpose of enhancing the capacity of security governance,the developed countries have gradually built up the modern civil protection system,comprehensively encompassing the defense of air bomb,war,nuclear threats,disaster,terrorist attack,and social disorder.Since the opening up policy was launched,China has been searching for its own pathways to a modern civil protection system.Nevertheless,the Chinese civil protection system remains insufficient in terms of idea,law,institution,and international cooperation.In view of this,the present paper,with the fundamental goal of human security,proposes the design of a Chinese modern civil protection system which includes ″civil protection in war,″ ″civil protection in disaster,″ and ″civil protection in daily life.″ To fully realize the goals of China’s modern civil protection,this paper further puts forward the following suggestions.Firstly,the formulation of civil protection laws is necessary to provide standards and legal basis for the protection of human security.Secondly,an actionable civil-military commanding organization and state-civilian interactive response system are needed to make full use of the resources of military and societal actors.Thirdly,special military forces should be built up in response to war and major nontraditional security issues.Semi-military forces should be set up for regular nontraditional security management.In addition,an institutionalized cooperation system between the two types of forces is a must.Fourthly,the trust in and capacity reserve for the novel security concept,creative involvement and inclusive development should be enhanced for Chinese international cooperation to ensure the security of overseas Chinese and other peoples in the world. This paper is based on the fact that China is facing the interrelated challenge of traditional and nontraditional security issues and that China is responding to the urgent pressure of promoting the capacity of security governance.In a word,by comparing the civil protection system of China and those of developed countries,the paper tries to find out the insufficiencies of China’s civil protection,and to put forward new ideas of top design and application framework for improving the capacity of China’s security governance in the new era.