世界粮食安全问题分析及应对策略

粮食安全是国际社会永恒关注的焦点之一。目前国际粮食发展呈现粮价上涨和国际粮食政策连续出台等一系列连锁反应，导致限制粮食出口国家增多和高价粮食持续时期长等问题。综合分析目前国际粮食市场形势，可以看出引起国际粮食安全问题的主要原因是多数国家粮食库存大幅度减少、耕地面积下降、粮食生产成本提高、生产者普遍积极性不高、粮食生产波动大、粮食消耗量刚性增加与粮食消费结构升级、全球经济增长刺激粮价上涨、全球气候异常和自然灾害频繁等方面。从全球层面看，应对当前粮食危机的主要措施是：一是构建全球层面上的粮食安全生产的耕地保障机制；二是在全球视野中构筑灾害应对型农作制度；三是构建全球粮食贮备及需求信息共享平台，稳定粮食供应市场；四是构建全球粮食安全科技支撑计划，提升粮食生产科技水平。

Analysis on the World Food Security and the Coping Strategy

Food security is one of the eternal focuses of international attention. At present the development of international food takes on chain-reacting characters with increasing food price and continuous food policies coming on, thus leading lots of problems such as the increasing of restricted food export and long lasting period of high price of food. From comprehensive analysis of food market, the reasons that brought food crisis were included food stock reduction in many countries, planting area derease, crop production cost increase, producers enthusiasm decline, crop production fluctuation, grain consumption increase and iststructure upgrading, global economic growth, global climate change and natural disaster frequency increase. On the side of global, the measures which are answerable for the food crisis are： first to construct the safeguard mechanisms of planting area, secondly to construct the anti-disaster farming system , thirdly to construct the information share platform on crop reservoir and demand, and finally to carry out Sci-tech supporting project on food security.