从明朝西南边防看王阳明对贵州民族地区的治理

明朝建国之初,西南边疆的云南、川西等地还控制在蒙古王公的统治之下,为了稳定边疆,朱元璋派兵南征,统一了云南,此后又在在川西北实施了隔绝蒙番和绥抚土司的政策,从而稳定了该地区的统治。明代中期以后,随着朝廷内部政局变化,西北防务松弛,蒙古军队重新突破了川北屏障,再次威胁明朝的西南边疆,如何防范,成了明朝西部边防之急务。面对如此之局面,时任驿丞的王阳明在贵州实施了绥服土司、教化苗民之策,维护了湖广经黔入滇道的畅达,为明朝西南边防稳定做出了贡献。

Wang Yangming's Governance of the Ethnic Areas in Guizhou along Its Southwest Border

In the early Ming Dynasty, Yunnan and the west of Sichuan in the southwest of China were still controlled by the emperor of Mongolia. In order to stabilize the frontier, Zhu Yuanzhang sent troops to the south and took over all the territory in Yunnan. After that, he carried off the forces of Mongolia and pushed forward the conciliated policy to the chieftains in the northwest of Sichuan. As a consequence, the region came into a stable situation. After the mid - Ming Dynasty, with the change of the internal political situation, the defense in the northwest of Sichuan was overlooked, the Mongolian army broke through the barrier in northern Sichuan, and threatened the security of the southwest border of the Ming Dynasty again. How to defend the territory in the west of the country became an urgent issue for the Ming Dynasty. Facing this situation, Wang Yangming, the then Yi - cheng of the region, performed a conciliated policy to the chieftains and appeased the Miao people there. At the same time, he kept the channels from Huguang to Yunnan via Guizhou unimpeded. This contributed a lot tothe stability of the southwestern border in the Ming Dynasty.