《古诗十九首》以身体活动为修辞论

诗与身体活动的关系可以从两方面来考察。一是在诗作外部的形式表达上,古人论"在心为志,发言为诗",称"言之不足,故嗟叹之;嗟叹之不足,故永歌之",提出诗以身体活动如嗟叹、咏歌之类求得抒情的升级。二是在诗作内部的语辞表达上,以身体活动来抒情达意,可称之为抒情修辞。《古诗十九首》以身体活动为抒情修辞尤为卓著,并以其实现着"直""真""自然为贵"的艺术魅力。古代诗歌史对《古诗十九首》以身体活动为抒情修辞的艺术手法多有承袭并有所发展。

Nineteen Ancient Poems Takes Physical Activity as Rhetoric

The relationship between poetry and physical activity can be investigated from two aspects.One is the external formal expression of the poem:the ancients said that“keep ideal in heart and speak like read”and“Emotions that are touched in the heart will inevitably be expressed as language,but when the language is not enough to express,people will sigh;if the sigh is not enough to express,people will sing”,which all agree that poems achieve lyrical escalation through physical activities such as sighing and singing.The second is the expression of words in the poems,using physical activity to express emotions,which can be called lyrical rhetoric.Nineteen Ancient Poems is particularly outstanding for its lyrical rhetoric with physical activity,and it realizes the artistic charm of“straight”,“true”and“nature is precious”.The history of ancient poetry has inherited and developed the artistic technique of Nineteen Ancient Poems with physical activity as lyrical rhetoric.