晚清与“五四”小说变革同异论

晚清与“五四”小说变革虽有动机上的相近之处,却有性质上的不同.这导致晚清小说与“五四”小说出现了形态上的差别.晚清小说变革持续的时间、规模都超过“五四”,但却没有真正实现中国小说由古典向现代的转变,主要原因在于晚清小说变革是非自觉的文学变革.相比而言,“五四”小说变革的自觉性更强,也更注重文学自身的特征.晚清小说变革并非必然走向“五四”小说,它的变革路径与“五四”有很大不同,即基本保留古典小说模式,只是在内容上和形式上容纳一些新的思想、艺术因素.“五四”小说变革因历史背景、文化语境的特殊作用,找到了一条新的路径,这就是精神与艺术的一体化即“心理化”.通过“心理化”,“五四”小说最终实现了中国小说由古典向现代的转变.

Differences and Similarities between Fiction Reform of the Late Qing Dynasty and That of the May 4th Movement Period

Though the motivation of fiction reform of the Late Qing Dynasty is similar with that of fiction reform of the May 4th Movement period,they are nonetheless different from each other in nature.And this has brought about differences between the form of the Late-Qing fiction and that of the May 4th Movement period fiction.In spite of the fact that the duration and scale of the former have both surpassed those of the latter,still it has failed to truly implement the transformation of Chinese fiction from the classical to the modern with its main reason lying in its lack of consciousness of fiction reform.In contrast,the latter has shown more consciousness than the former and has been more concerned with the characteristics of literature itself.As the route taken by the former is different from the latter,it does not necessarily move towards what the latter is to do completely.That is to say,the former aims at absorbing certain new ideas and artistic elements while keeping the classical pattern of fiction intact.And due to the particular role played by its historical background and cultural context,fiction reform of the May 4th Movement period has found a new path.That is the integration of spirit and art,namely the "psychological technique".Through this technique,fiction of the May 4th Movement period has at long last realized its transformation of Chinese fiction from the classical to the modern.