"言不尽意":中国诗学的独特精神

作为中国诗学的独特精神,"言不尽意"的逻辑起点在于中国古代"天人合一"的哲学观念.中国古代哲人提出"与道为一"、"忘"与"游"的人生诗意栖居理想和大量涉及"言"意"关系的论述.在这些论述中,"言不尽意"论始终占据着最主要的地位,它影响到中国诗学,就逐渐形成了中国诗学的独特精神."言不尽意"突出了中国诗学的超越精神.它强调,一般的言语,不是从胸臆流出,是非本真之言说,是不可取的,是必须要超越的.同时,它提倡大道之言、本真之言、从胸臆自然流出之言.它主张超越非本真言语而达于"微言"妙象"的本真言说以尽意.同时,它准确描述了中国之"诗"的语言与深层意蕴之间的虚实互补的审美特征,并从语言与意义的关系的角度提出了中国之"诗"的一项极为重要的审美标准.作为中国诗学的独特精神,"言不尽意"彰显了中国诗学的独特性,揭示了中国诗学言说的总体特征整体性、体验性、直观性等的实质,概括了中国之"诗"的创作观念、创作实绩及审美接受的主要方面和主要线索.

"The Words Fail to Convey the Meaning": the Unique Spirit of Chinese Poetic Theory

Logical start of the unique spirit of Chinese poetic theory of "the words fail to convey the meaning" is the culture of Chinese ancient sacrificial rites and the philosophic idea of "Heaven and man make one". Through mulling over man's survival and looking ahead man's ideal existence, the ancient representatives of Chinese idea and knowledge made efforts to seek the basis of the man's extempore survival and guarantee the man's poetic existence of "getting to Tao", "forgetting" and "playing" and tried hard to save man from an abyss of misery. So they talked much over "the words fail to convey the meaning". The unique spirit of Chinese poetic theory of "the words fail to convey the meaning" found on the basis of the culture of Chinese ancient sacrificial rites, the philosophic idea of "Heaven and man make one" and the man's ideal existence of "getting to Tao", "forgetting" and "playing". The core of "the words fail to convey the meaning" is the surpassing spirit of courting the valuable real life, refusing the vulgar degenerate unreal life and encouraging the poetic say and the poetic inhabitation. The unique spirit of Chinese poetic theory of "the words fail to convey to meaning" showed clearly the originality of the Chinese poetic theory, the overall characteristic of the Chinese poetic theory: whole, experience, sensitivity, summing up the major side and the main thread of the concept, the works and the perception of the Chinese poems.