新制度经济学视角下我国农村承包地流转制度变迁探析

制度变迁的过程是一种效益更高的制度对另一种制度的替代过程,其目的是使外在的潜在利润内部化。随着改革开放的深入,家庭承包责任制的边际效益和边际效率均逐渐递减,农民在潜在外部利润和获利机会下自发倡导、组织和实行承包地流转,实行诱致性制度变迁,但这种承包地流转制度极不规范,没有一定的制度规则可循,虽然制度变迁是制度主体为实现利益最大化而进行的社会博弈过程,但在我国工业化和城市化同时快速发展时期,政府尤其是中央政府在承包地流转发展完善期间应居于主导地位,从农业发展和国民经济的整体目标决定制度供给的方向、形式、进程及战略安排。

On the Institutional Changes in Contracted Land Transfer in China's Countryside from Neo-Institutional Economics

An institutional change means the replacement of an old system by a more profitable one in order to internalize the potential external profit.With the deepening of the reform and open-up policy,the marginal benefit and marginal efficiency of household contract responsibility system is weakening.Driven by the potential external profit and profit opportunities,farmers are taking the initiative to organize and carry out contracted land transfer,resulting in an induced institutional change.However,such a land transfer system is far from standard as it does not follow any regulations.With the fast industrialization and urbanization of China,the government,especially the central government should play the dominant role when contracted land transfer system is not yet perfect,and take the general goal of agricultural development and national economy into consideration in making decisions about the supply direction,form,procedure and other strategic arrangements.