“规范性力量”视角下的俄欧关系

进入21世纪以来，随着俄罗斯外交回归传统的地缘政治和现实主义，以及欧盟的大举东扩不断蚕食俄罗斯的“天然利益范围”，人们谈论更多的是俄欧战略性竞争关系而非战略伙伴关系。在此背景下，以俄周边国家“颜色革命”的爆发为起点，俄罗斯对于部分欧洲国家的“规范性攻势”开始采取反击态度，在对外政策辞令上越发具有规范性色彩。俄罗斯试图以规范性话语作为一种政治工具，把它镶嵌于对权力争夺的理解中，并以此在国际舞台上重新界定自己的身份和地位。与此同时，俄罗斯也在尝试着“免费搭车”：利用欧盟的制度性框架和有效的政策工具如欧洲邻国政策（ENP）和“北部区域规划”为本国国内特别是西北部边境地区的经济发展和社会建设服务。因此，普京上台以来的俄欧规范性对话既有合作的成分又有冲突的因素，而总体上冲突和纷争大于合作和共识，这也成为冷战结束至今俄欧关系的主旋律。

Russo-European Relationship from Perspective of Normative Power

With the return of Russia＇s diplomacy to traditional geopolitics and realistic politics after the new century, what is often discussed between Russia and Europe is a competitive and confrontational relation- ship, rather than a strategic partnership, given the fact that Russia＇s ＂natural sphere of interest＂ has been eroded by EU＇s eastward expansion of its membership. Driven by the Color Revolution among its neigh- boring countries, Russia has taken a counteractive attitude toward normative offensive of a number of Eu- ropean nations, and put more normative color to its diplomatic language. Russian government has tried to use normative tongue as a political tool and make it embedded in the understanding of power struggle, with the aim to redefine its identity and status in the international arena. On the other hand, Russia has also at- tempted to be a free-rider, namely, to make use of EU＇s institutional framework and effective policy tools such as European Neighborhood Policy and ＂Northern Dimension＂, in order to promote domestic economic development and social construction, especially of its northwestern border region. Therefore, the Russo- European normative dialogue since Putin resumed power has been characterized by the ascendancy of dis- pute and conflict over consensus and cooperation, which is also the main melody of Russo-European rela- tionship in the post-Cold War period.