中国农业工程学科之演化与转型

科学革命论是解释与阐述学科演化常用的视角。该文以科学革命论提出的四阶段发展模式为基础,从农业工程技术、农业工程高等教育、农机工业等不同维度入手就中国农业工程学科发展演进及其不同阶段的基本特征进行了分析,指出从前科学时期到常规发展时期,学科理论体系经历了从非体系化走向体系化且得到科学家认同的一个过程。中国农业工程学科目前还处于常规发展时期,加之农业机械化还没有全面实现,学科既有沿着传统农业工程学科发展的必要,也有积极发挥后发优势与追赶效应、加紧追赶生物系统工程学科国际前沿的需求。本世纪中叶,学科即将进入转型期。

Research on the Evolution and Transition of Agricultural Engineering Discipline in China

The theory of scientific revolution is one way to explain the transition of discipline. Based on the four stages of periodic model proposed by the theory of scientific revolutions, this paper analyzed the historical evolution characteristic of different phases of agricultural engineering discipline in China, including agricultural engineering technology, agricultural engineering education and agricultural machinery industry, and so on. From prescience to normal science, the theoretical system of agricultural engineering in China became mature gradually, and more and more scientists began to participate in academic research. The discipline in China is in the stage of normal science now and the agricultural mechanization is still in the developing stage. For this reason, it is necessary for it to both along the development of the traditional agricultural engineering, also with the advantage of backwardness and catch-up effect, strengthening the international cutting-edge research in biological systems engineering. The discipline will enter the transitional period to the middle of this century.