清末民初中小学价值观教育的传承与变革

中国传统儿童价值观教育历经几千年的历史积淀,形成了较为完整的内容体系。这一体系中有积极、合理的成份,也存在消极、糟粕的东西,这为清末民初中小学传统价值观教育的传承与变革创造了重要的文化条件。清末民初中小学价值观教育在近代中国文化变革的背景下,传承了“以孝为先”“忠恕之道”及注重个人品德修养的传统价值观教育优良传统,也摒弃了愚忠、愚孝的腐朽教育内容,同时吸收了西方近代公义、公德、权利平等、遵守法律等德育元素。清末民初中小学价值观教育的传承与变革一方面深受儒家道德与教育传统的影响,当新的价值观教育思想与实践产生时,传统儒家道德与教育传统依然根深蒂固。另一方面,清末民初的西学东渐引起了中国传统文化的异动,而文化异动与价值观变迁在很大程度上促进了中小学价值观教育的传承与变革。此外,近代先进思想家、教育家对中国传统道德和文化理念的反思以及对西方道德与文化的审视也推动了中小学价值观教育的传承与变革。

The Inheritance and Reform of Value Education in Primary and Secondary Schools in Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China

After thousands of years of historical accumulation,Chinese traditional childrens values education has formed a complete content system.There are positive and reasonable elements in this system,as well as negative and dross things,which created important cultural conditions for the inheritance and reform of the traditional values education in the primary and secondary schools in the late Qing Dynasty.Under the background of modern Chinese cultural change,this value education inherited the fine tradition from traditional value education,which emphasized “filial piety first”,“moral of loyalty and forgiveness” as well as personal moral cultivation education.Furthermore,it abandoned the decadent educational content of foolish loyalty and foolish filial piety.At the same time,it absorbed western modern justice,public morality,equal rights,abiding by the law and other elements of moral education.On the one hand,the inheritance and reform of the values education in primary and secondary schools in late Qing dynasty and early republic of China were deeply influenced by moral of Confucianism and educational traditions.When the new thoughts and practice of value education produced,the traditional Confucian moral and educational traditions were still deeply rooted.On the other hand,the eastward spread of western learning in the late Qing Dynasty and the early republic of China caused changes in Chinese traditional culture.These changes promoted the inheritance and reform of value education in primary and secondary schools.In addition,the reflection of cultural ideas and the examination of western morality and culture from modern advanced thinkers and educators on traditional Chinese morality also promoted the inheritance and reform of this value education.