儒、商互动与晚明郎署文学权力之下降

奢靡世风之下的儒、商互动,建立在士人逐利、商贾求名基础之上,导致士商相混,界限模糊。这一方面促使郎署文人自觉不自觉地调整、改易着其写作风貌,以前多适用于上流社会的一些应用文体,很大程度上因之走向商贾、市井之家,逐渐普泛化、世俗化。另一方面,它又是“性灵”说的催生剂。同时,还使得一些郎署文人关注通俗文学,自觉参与到小说、戏曲等通俗文学样式的创作、刊刻、批评与传播过程中。这从内外两个层面,对郎署文学形成很大冲撞,致使其文学权力下降。从某种意义上说,这标志着晚明文学开始由以传统诗文为主的雅文学,逐渐向以小说、戏曲为重心的通俗文学转型。

The Interaction Between Confucians and Businessmen and the Decline of Literary Power of Langshu in the Late Ming Dynasty

Under the influence of extravagant world style,the interaction between Confucians and businessmen was based on the pursuit of profits by scholars and the pursuit of fame by businessmen,which led to the blurring of the boundary between them.On the one hand,it promoted the scholars of Langshu to adjust and change their writing style,which used to be applicable to some applied styles of the upper class society,to a large extent,it went to the home of businessmen and citizens,and gradually popularized;on the other hand,it was also the catalyst of the theory of “Xingling”.At the same time,it also made some scholars of Langshu pay attention to popular literature and consciously participate in the creation,printing,criticism and dissemination of popular literature styles such as novels and operas.From the internal and external aspects,it has a great impact on the literature of Langshu,resulting in the decline of its literary power.In a sense,this marks the beginning of the late Ming literature from the elegant literature dominated by traditional poetry,gradually to the popular literature focused on novels and operas.