当代汉语偏正复合构词的韵律机制和句法机制

现代汉语复合构词以双音节双语素为常态, 其韵律为无向音步, 既可构词也可构语, 因此词法和句法具有一致性。当代汉语复合构词以三音节三语素为常态, 首先, 语素的句法组合产生了重度的偏移, 构词以偏正式为主; 其次, 词的韵律机制与句法机制在偏正复合构词中产生了部分裂隙; 最后, 当句法结构与韵律结构相抵牾时, 韵律优先于句法, 对句法进行重新认定。

The Rhyme and Syntax Mechanism of the Modifier-and-the-Modified-Compound-Word Formation in Contemporary Chinese

As a rule, compound words in modern Chinese consist of disyllables and dimorphemes, whose rhyme belongs to undirected foot which can be used to form a word or a sentence, hence the agreement between the morphology and the syntax. Compound words in contemporary Chinese are usually composed of trisyllables and trimorphemes. First, compound words are mostly formed by a modifier and its modified and the syntax combination of morphemes has drastically changed. Second, there is some disagreement between rhyme and syntax mechanism in modifier-and-the-modified-compound-word formation. Finally, when there is disagreement between rhyme and syntax structure, priority is usually given to rhyme and the syntax needs to be relocated.