试论宋初阶段学白诗人田锡的诗学观

宋初直臣田锡的古文与辞赋创作已得到学界普遍关注, 而其诗歌研究一直处于相对寂寞的境地。田锡是宋初阶段学白诗人的代表, 他有自己一套独特的诗学主张:在诗歌内容与功能上, 他主张反映现实, 服务政治与表达情性相结合; 在诗歌审美上, 他崇尚雅正与艳丽并美; 在诗歌风格上, 强调绚丽多姿与不拘一格并举; 在创作手法上, 师法自然与转益多师并重; 在诗歌语言上, 平易流畅与含蓄精健齐芳; 在诗歌体裁上, 古体与近体不分轩轾, 如此等等。这些主张表现出较高的理论价值与开阔的文学胸襟。同时, 田锡诗歌创作基本实践这些诗学主张。他部分纠正了宋初白体诗内容单一追求闲适、语言追求通俗浅易、风格偏向平易流畅的倾向, 并成为宋初阶段学白诗人的杰出代表, 其诗歌主张与创作实践丰富了学界对宋初白体诗歌内涵的体认。

On Tian Xi's Poetic Thoughts

Tian Xi, an honest official in early Song Dynasty, is well known in today's academic circle not because of his rarely-discussed poems but because of his splendid ancient Chinese and ci-fu. However, he is a representative for bai-style poets in early Song Dynasty and his poetic thoughts are unique. As for poetic content and function, he advocated a combination of mirroring reality, serving politics and expressing emotions; as for poetic aesthetics, he emphasized both elegance and gorgeousness; as for poetic style, he praised colorful style but never looked down upon other styles; as for poetic skills, he stressed natural writing but never refused to learn from various sources; as for poetic language, he saw advantages in either fluency or brevity; as for poetic genres, he valued both ancient and contemporary poems, etc.. These poetic thoughts are of highly theoretical value and reflect his open-minded literary view. Meanwhile, he puts these poetic thoughts into practice by creating poems. He partially puts bai-style poems in early Song Dynasty back into balance, which tended to go to extremes in leisurely content, linguistic simplicity, fluent expression, etc.. As a representative for bai-style poets, Tian Xi's poetic thoughts and his practice greatly enrich later generations' understanding of bai-style poems in early Song Dynasty.