转基因植物安全评价及其伦理探析

转基因植物的出现是科技发展的必然,但转基因植物的安全问题有待验证,以至于转基因植物引发的伦理争议层出不穷。转基因植物的发展有利于保证粮食安全,缓解世界粮食短缺;减少人工化学品投放,保护生态环境;降低农业生产成本,提高劳动生产率;丰富人类食品的种类,提高食物的营养价值;预防或治疗某些疾病,增强食品卫生预防能力。与此同时,转基因植物还可能引发食物中毒、产生过敏反应、引起抗生特性等食用方面的风险,以及损害物种遗传多样性等环境方面的伦理争议。因此,实现转基因植物安全评价应遵循生命伦理学的尊重原则、不伤害原则、公正原则、效用原则等四大原则,以促进转基因植物的和谐发展。

An Appraisal and Ethical Analysis of Transgenic Plant Safety

Transgenic plants are an inevitable outcome of scientific and technological development.However,the safety of transgenic plants has yet to be so tested and verified that the ethical disputes caused by transgenic plants emerge in endless succession.The development of transgenic plants is conductive to ensuring food security and relieving the world of shortage of food,reducing the throw of artificial chemicals into farming land and protecting the ecological environment,reducing the cost of agricultural production and improving productivity,enriching human food and improving food value,and preventing or treating some diseases and strengthening the ability of food hygiene to prevent diseases.Meanwhile,transgenic plants may cause such risks in edibility as food poisoning,anaphylactic reaction,antibiosis,etc,as well as such ethical disputes over environment as damaging plant genetic diversity,generating super-weeds,inducing the evolution of injurious insects,etc.Therefore,it is thought that the appraisal of the transgenic plant safety should follow the principles of life ethics,such as respect,no harm,justice and utility,to contribute to the harmonious development of transgenic plants.