论机动车交通事故民事赔偿责任革新：填补性到惩罚性

机动车交通事故民事赔偿一贯采取的填补性赔偿,是对机动车交通事故主观因素与客观因素考虑欠妥的结果。主观因素方面,机动车交通事故应当区分当事人的过错程度,即区分故意与过失、一般过失与重大过失。在归责原则上应全面坚持过错责任原则,符合个人就自身行为所肇致的损害应负赔偿责任的基本观念。客观因素方面,机动车交通事故损害不应固守类型化区分,而应进行程度化区分,即轻微损害、一般损害、重大损害。主观因素与客观因素相结合,机动车交通事故责任中应当引入惩罚性赔偿,搭建填补性与惩罚性结合的赔偿架构。

On the Innovation of Civil Compensation Liability in Motor Vehicle Traffic Accidents: From Supplementary to Punitive Compensation

The supplementary compensation has always been adopted in civil compensation for motor vehicle traffic accidents due to the improper consideration of the subjective and objective factors. With regard to subjective factors, the fault degree of all parties should be distinguished, that is, the difference between intention and negligence and the difference between general and gross negligence. Accordingly, the principle of fault liability should be fully adhered to in terms of the principle of attribution, thus conforming to the basic concept that individuals should be liable for damages caused by their own actions. As for objective factors, the damage caused by motor vehicle traffic accident should not be differentiated through damage types but the damage degree, namely, minor damage, general damage, and major damage. Therefore, taking both subjective and objective factors into account, this paper proposes that punitive damages should be introduced into the liability for motor vehicle traffic accidents, and a compensation structure combining supplementary and punitive damages should be established.