从汉语的空间化看中西诗歌空间形式的同异

一种文学的形式总不免为它的语言“模子”所塑造。如果说西方拼音语言是一种典型的线性语言,汉语言则具有某种空间化倾向。与此相一致,西方传统诗歌注重时间的线性发展,古典汉语诗歌则倾向于同时并置。打破传统句法的西方现代诗,虽也具有空间化效果,但中国古典诗歌的空间化并非只是由对语言完全任意的破坏才达到的“效果”,而是从空间化的汉语中自然生长起来的“精神”。它具有一种空间整体感,而不是空间断片性,也较少存在西方现代诗歌那种由线性语言本身的限制所导致的空间形式悖论。以空间化见长的中国古典诗歌,更宜于发挥“画”的审美功能,以时间流取胜的西方诗歌则包含着更多的适宜于“乐”的成份。

Similarities and Difference Between the Spatial Forms of Chinese and Western Poetry from the Perspective of Spatiality of Chinese Poetry

A particular literary form is inevitably shaped by its language mold.If the Western phonetic languages are said to be typically linear,the Chinese language inherently bears certain spatial tendency.Accordingly, traditional Western poetry pays more attention to the development of linear structures,whereas classical Chinese poetry emphasizes simultaneity apposition.However,while modern Western poetry has,too,acquired some spatial effect by breaking traditional syntax,the spatiality of classical Chinese poetry is not only the effect by doing violence to the language,but a spirit growing out of the Chinese language.The two have,therefore,lots of differences in many aspects.