社会主义农地经营制度创新与农民权益——从马克思主义中国化的学科视角

从马克思主义中国化的学科视角，以确保农民权益为主旨，对新一轮农村土地制度创新的理论依据进行了梳理和解析，对土地制度深化改革中保护农民权益的具体措施进行了探讨。马克思主义关于社会主义土地制度及其经营方式的基本原理包括：在土地所有制方面，社会主义国家不能搞小土地所有制或土地私有化，要实现土地的国有化或集体化；只有实现规模经营，才能提高农业生产率，规模化和社会化是社会主义农业发展的基本方向；积极引导农民加入合作社，不仅是实现规模经营的有效手段，也是确保农民权益和提高农民社会地位的有效途径；在农业的具体经营方式上，要尊重农民的选择。在中国新农地制度创新中，由村集体来主导土地流转，引导农民走合作经营的规模化农业发展道路，对外可以发挥限制资本自由介入土地的屏障作用，保护村民权益；对内则可发挥协调与服务功能，促进土地合理化流转；还能协助政府贯彻落实国家土地规划制度和相关法律条例。国家尽早出台限制外资进入农地的政策条例，保护农民权益。同时，应提升农民的决策水平，健全农村民主管理制度，推进法制建设和相关领域的体制改革，确保农民在土地流转的主体地位。

Innovation in Agrarian System of New Socialist Countryside and Farmers' Rights and Interests——From the Disciplinary Perspective of Sinicization of Marxism

This paper, from the disciplinary perspective of Sinicization of Marxism and with the motif of ensuring farmers＇ rights and interests, sorts out and analyzed the theoretical grounds for the new round of innovation in agrarian system in the countryside, and investigates the concrete moves that protect farmers＇ rights and interests in deepened reforms of the agrarian system. Fundamentals of Marxism on socialist agrarian system and its operational ways can be summarized as the following four points： in terms of agrarian ownership, the small plots ownership or land privatization is not to be adopted while land nationalization or collective land ownership should be carried out in socialist countries; only the realization of scale management can improve the agricultural productivity; scale and socialization are basic directions of socialist agricultural development; active guidance in including farmers into cooperative association is not only the effective method of realizing scale management but also the effective way to ensure farmers＇ rights and interests and improve their social status; farmers should be respected in their choices of actual agricultural management modes. This paper maintains that, in the practical process of new innovation in China＇s rural agrarian system, the leadership of village collective in land circulation and bringing farmers onto the scale agricultural development road of cooperative management plays positive roles in three aspects： first, its external function of barrier that limits free intervention of capital into land, thus protecting rights and interests of villagers; second, its internal function of coordination and service that promotes the rational land circulation; and third, its function of assisting the government to implement state land planning system and relevant laws and regulations. The earliest possible promulgation by the state of policy regulations prohibiting foreign capital from entering into agarian land is the essential move to protect farmers＇ rights an