冲突与限制——论普遍管辖与豁免

普遍管辖确立了国际社会各国对国际罪行的管辖权,其主要目的是为了防止犯有国际罪行的个人被免于处罚。但作为国际习惯法原则的豁免形成对普遍管辖的限制。国际法院2002年"刚果诉比利时逮捕令案"表明国际社会对普遍管辖权的行使不能超过国际社会主权平等的基本结构,否则可能会造成普遍管辖的"越位"。但豁免并未否定普遍管辖本身,国际法院亦在该案中指出了外交之豁免权不构成对其普遍追诉的四种情况。因此,普遍管辖制度仍需进一步发展。

Conflicts and Limitation-A Discussion about Universal Jurisdiction and Immunity

Universal Jurisdiction establishs the jurisdiction of international crimes for nations in international community,and the objetive of uninversal jurisdiction is to prevent the exemption from punishment of internatioanl criminals.Yet the system of immunity based on International Customary Law has come to be one kind of restriction to universal juridsdiction.The Arrest Warrant of April 2000(Democraic Republic of the Congo v.The Kingdom of Belgium,I.C.J.) shows that the exercise of universal jurisdiction of na...