Policy learning and cross-national diffusion in social long-term care insurance: Germany, Japan, and the Republic of Korea

Recently, many developed countries have moved toward comprehensive Long-Term Care (LTC) systems. Along with the conventional explanations of these policy changes based on domestic factors, learning from abroad should be considered. We focus on the social insurance model of LTC, particularly how Japan learned from Germany and the Republic of Korea learned from Japan. Some approaches for how to think about policy learning in general as well as cross-border learning are suggested.