论美国国会预算权的运作过程及功能

美国国会的预算权是指国会按照宪法和法律规定的规则和程序,对整个国家的财政收入、支出及赤字或者盈余总额的计划、计划的执行及执行的结果进行审议并作出决定的权力,它既包括事前的计划权,也包括事中的监督和事后的审计权力。该权力的实施既赖于宪法的支持,也赖于其设计精巧的运作过程。在行政权力不断扩张的条件下,预算权是美国国会监督和制约行政机关的最重要的手段,也是维持美国分权体制的关键。

On the Operation and Function of the Budget Power of the American Congress

The Budget Power refers to the power of the American Congress to decide on the national plan of revenue, expenditure and overall deficit or surplus, the enforcement of the plan and the outcome of the enforcement. This power includes the power to plan in advance, the power to supervise during the enforcement of the plan and that of auditing after the enforcement. The actualization of the power depends on the support of American Constitution and its elaborate operation procedure. In the expanding of the executive power, the Budget Power is the most important instrument of the American Congress to supervise and check the executive branch, and the crucial dement to maintain the separation of powers in the United States.