侠之想像与中国知识分子的身份认同——金庸小说的社会学意义

武侠想像是对现代性焦虑作出的反应。随着现代性的发生，传统社会的解体，中国知识分子面临着严重的生存困境和身份认同危机，一部分人通过文学之侠的想像，来回应现代性和寻找身份认同。在现代性条件下，金庸武侠小说通过对侠的现代阐释和想像，使自身处于一个承上启下的过渡位置，呈现出并不寻常的意义：金庸武侠小说由对江湖世界的美化转向对江湖黑暗的批判，表现出现代知识分子社会认同的解构；由对民族大义的歌颂转向对民族主义的破除，表现出对现代政治认同的超越；由对武林义气的肯定转向否定，批判江湖文化，表现出对传统文化认同的超越。金庸的现代武侠小说最终完成了对传统社会认同(江湖世界)、国家(民族主义)、文化(武林义气)的超越和解构。金庸小说的侠之想像是现代性条件下中国知识分子以虚构的方式解决身份认同危机，追寻自我认同的一种文化形式，在更深的层次上，它是一种对抗“存在被遗忘”的拯救性力量，一种想像性的自救力量。

A Chivalrous Man's Imagination and Chinese Intellectuals' Identity Recognition——On the Sociological Significance of Jin Yong's Fictions

Chivalrous imagination is a response to modern anxiety.With the occurrence of modernity and the disintegration of traditional society,Chinese intellectuals are facing serious existing and identity-recognition crisis.Some of them respond the crisis by chivalrous imagination in literature.Under the circumstances of modernity,Jin Yong's chivalrous fictions present an unusual significance by a modern illustration and imagination of the chivalrous men.His chivalrous fictions,by criticizing the darkness of the martial world instead of praising it,show modern intellectuals' removal of social recognition,and they surmount modern political recognition by breaking nationalism instead of singing a song for it.These fictions also present a surmounting over the traditional culture by denying chivalrous righteousness and criticizing the martial world.Jin Yong's modern chivalrous fictions finally finish the recognition of traditional society(the martial world),the surmounting and removal of nation(nationalism) and culture(chivalrous righteousness).The chivalrous imagination in Jin Yong's fictions is a cultural way for Chinese intellectuals to solve the crisis of identity-recognition and seek self-recognition,and an imaginary self-relied power in a deeper level.