西方伊斯兰人类学的理论发展——回顾与前瞻

本文回顾有关近代西方伊斯兰人类学发展的理论争议和前瞻以及当今最前沿的研究动向。在有关理论争议上,本文简介和评议过去几个主要的研究伊斯兰社会和文化的人类学观点,其中包括理解伊斯兰为社会符号、伊斯兰为受访者的主观演绎、伊斯兰为高等文化和民间信仰的钟摆现象、伊斯兰为独特的宗教传统、伊斯兰为殖民主义的建构等。另外,本文亦展望西方伊斯兰人类学的发展,如当代伊斯兰研究已逐渐朝跨科际的方向发展,消除已往人类学与社会科学对立的学术鸿沟。最后,本文指出在后现代、后殖民和全球化的急速社会转型下,当代西方伊斯兰人类学已从单一的地域研究转向多面向的跨科际、跨地域研究,惟有这种学术转向,一些新兴和复杂的课题（例如:跨国伊斯兰运动、伊斯兰与传媒）才能在多角度下被诠释。

Development of Western Anthropologlcal Theories on Islam: Review and Prospect

This study reviews the development and scholarly disputes of western anthropological theories towards Islam and introduces the present frontline orientations. Concerning the anthropological theories and disputes, theoretical reviews, there are five dominant approaches in understanding Islam and its critics, namely Islam as symbol , Islam as respondents' interpretations , Islam as the cyclical pendulum between High Islam and low Islam, Islam as religious tradition and Islam as colonial construction. On the other hand, the article also Introduces the present-anthropology of Islam orients the interdisiplinary approaches and transcends the past dichotomy between the so-cialsclentlhc and humanities approaches. Finally, the article concludes that there is a growing need for anthropology of Islam adopts an interdisiplinary a proach and de - territorized approach in such a rapid changing postmodern, postcolonlal and globalizing era. Otherwise, some emerging and complicated subjects like Islam and Media and Transnational Islam cannot be properly conceptualized and understood.