南非种族冲突的化解与现代化之路

南非种族隔离制度未能消弭种族间的尖锐矛盾,反而引发激烈的种族冲突。在镇压无法奏效的情况下,南非政府开始了民主改革的进程,历经沃斯特的政策调整、博塔的改革总战略和德克勒克的改革三个阶段,较成功地用民主改革的方式化解了南非的种族冲突,极大地推动了南非的现代化。南非民主改革和现代化进程表明:各种族间的宽容和解精神是南非民主改革取得成功的关键;种族关系应当建立在平等的基础之上;领袖人物的个人作用在此过程中相当突出和关键;民主与法制是现代化的根本保证;各种族文化应当兼容并蓄,全盘照搬和彻底排斥都是不可取的。

Resolution of Racial Conflicts and Modernization in South Africa --Commenting on the Democratic Reforms by Vorster, Botha and De Klerk

The apartheid failed to eradicate serious racial conflicts,but touched off vehement racial conflicts in South Africa.After its failure in suppressing the black resistance,the government of the National Party started its process of democratic reform,which went through three stages of Balthazar J.Vorster's policy-adjustment,Pieter W.Botha's "Total Strategy" and Frederik W.De Klerk's reform.The reform successfully resolved the racial conflicts and dramatically pushed forward modernization of the nation.Moreover,it has testified that the spirit of reconciliation and toleration is the key factor in the success of the democratic reform,that equality should be the principle and the foundation of the racial relations,that the personal role of leaders can be of tremendous importance,that democracy and legal system are the fundamental factors in modernization,and that the co-existence of different cultures should be respected and maintained.