台谏、舆论与北宋改革的命运

北宋时期发生的庆历新政和王安石变法,均以失败告终,御史台官员和谏官的舆论活动在其中发挥了十分重要的作用。庆历新政得力于台谏,又败于台谏的鼓惑;王安石变法自始至终就处于台谏的攻击下,蹒跚而行,最终失败。台谏制度到宋朝发生了重大变化,台谏职能合一,风闻言事,势力强大,作为"公议"的代表,社会舆论的中心,在北宋权力体系中占有特殊的地位,对北宋社会和政治生活产生了重要影响。

Remonstrations,Public Opinions and the Destiny of Northern Song Dynasty Reforms

Qingli new administration and reforms of Wang Anshi, the two importantsocial reforms in Northern Song Dynasty, both failed in the end. The opinions ofofficials of Grand Censor and remonstrators imposed noticeable influence in theperiod.Qingli new administration was promoted by remonstrations yet alsofrustrated by the confusion of remonstrations, whereas Wang Anshi was beingattacked by remonstrations all the time and finally failed after very painstakingand slow progress.The system of remonstration changed greatly in Song Dynasty andheld its special status in the power system of the dynasty as the representativeof "pubic discussion" and the center of social opinions, and had put tremendouseffect on Song society and politics.