中国典型区域全要素能源效率变动走向及趋同性分析——以八大经济区域为例

运用1996—2010年中国29省市面板数据,选取基于投入导向的DEA-BCC模型和DEA-Mamlquist指数模型,在考虑环境污染这个非合意产出的基础上从静态和动态两个层次分析三个“五年计划”间中国区域能源效率变动走向,并结合静态模型给出一种适合测度中国区域全要素能源效率收敛性的绝对收敛模型。结果表明:中国区域全要素能源效率在1996—2005年间呈现出整体下降趋势,而在2006—2010年间出现小范围上升趋势;东南沿海地区全要素能源效率处于绝对优势地位,北部沿海地区、东北地区呈追赶之势,黄河中下游地区、西南地区、大西北地区全要素能源效率则一直处于低位;技术退步和规模无效是导致黄河中下游地区、西南地区、大西北地区全要素能源效率下降的主要因素。与此同时发现:大西北地区存在着严重的体制缺陷和管理问题。从绝对收敛模型结果来看,中国全要素能源效率在整体上显著收敛,长江中游、南部沿海、西南地区、大西北地区存在显著的“俱乐部收敛”特征,即各自内部省份间全要素能源效率有明显的聚集现象。

Analysis of Total Factor Energy Efficiency Trend and Convergence of Typical Areas in China——Taking China's Eight Economic Areas as an Example

Based on the panel data of China's 29 provinces from 1996—2010 and by choosing the input-oriented DEA-BCC model and DEA-Malmquist index model, in this paper we analyzed the trend of total factor energy efficiency in different regions in the aspects of both static and dynamic levels during the three "five-year plan" in China considering the unfavorable environmental pollution output. Furthermore, combining with the static model, we developed an absolute convergence model suitable for measuring China's regional total factor energy efficiency's astringency. The estimation results show that, China's regional total factor energy efficiency was continuously decreasing during 1996—2005, while the efficiency began to rise during the period of 2006—2010. The changes of total factor energy efficiency exhibit different characteristics in different regions. Total factor energy efficiency in southeast coastal areas has always been higher than all the other areas. The northern coastal areas and Northeast areas are the second-tier members but catch up with the leading southeast coastal areas at high speed. The efficiency in middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, southwest, and northwest areas is relatively low. Backwardness of technology and inefficient production scale in these areas are the main reason for low efficiency. At the same time, we also find that systematic defects and management problems in these regions also affect the energy efficiency. According to the results of absolute convergence model, there was indeed total factor energy efficiency across the provinces in each area during the sample period. The"club convergences" are most significant in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, as well as southern coastal, southwest and northwest areas.