试论英美新批评的体制化

英美新批评在美国曾风靡一时,成为文学研究中独步天下的唯一范式.可以说,新批评是一种保守的理性主义文论,它力图为文本设定一个稳固的价值标准,其理论建构和批评实践都格外强调"秩序",这使之成了适应当时美国学校文学教育的模版,给人们提供了规避政治风险的途径,又让背景各异的学习者充满了研究文学的信心.保守而理性的新批评迅速占据学校讲坛,成为高等教育体制的一部分,而新批评的体制化选择也促进了它的发展和繁盛.然而,这种体制化也成了新批评的双刃剑.其片面化的理论主张和僵化的体制困局最终又葬送了自身前途.分析新批评的体制化,有助于更深入地献识这一流派.

On the Institutionalization of New Criticism

The popularity of New Criticism in America leads to its monopoly position in paradigms of literary study.Comparatively speaking,New Criticism,in essence,is a conservative rationalistic theory which is meant to set a fixed standard of value for the text,laying much emphasis on the"order"in its theoretical construction and critical practice.So New Criticism comes up to the requirements of college literary education at that time,and it finally occupies all the lecterns of American universities,thus becoming a ...