论网络谣言的形成机制及其治理对策

在信息平民化的现代社会中,敏感性网络谣言已经成为影响社会稳定、危害公共安全的重要风险源之一。简单化的价值判断只会妨碍人们对它的正确理解,无法揭示谣言信息传播的社会机制,不利于人们采取有效的治理对策来规避、化解谣言。基于此,需要首先明确界定网络谣言的内涵与外延,指出其具有遮蔽事实与揭示真相的双重可能。进而分别从谣言的传播者和接受者角度分析了网络谣言生成的群体动机,认为信息流瀑、群体极化和偏颇吸收是网络谣言传播、繁衍和选择的社会机制。最后,针对治理网络谣言的"寒蝉效应"困境,应该正确处理网络谣言和舆论监督的关系,完善信息公开机制,依法处置危害严重的网络造谣者,切实打通主流媒体舆论场和民间舆论场的鸿沟,最终避免群体性、危害性网络谣言事件的发生。

On Formation Mechanism of Online Rumors and the Countermeasures

Civilians have easier access to various news and information in modern society and online rumors have become a sensitive source of potential danger to social stability and public security.Simplified and arbitrary judgment will only hinder people reasonable understanding of this phenomenon.People will not take effective measures to avoid and dissolve the rumor without revealing the spreading mechanism of rumors.Based on this,the paper clearly defines the connotation and denotation of online rumors,and points out that it may conveying dual functions of facts-covering and truth-revealing.It goes further to analyze the group motivation of online rumors separately from disseminator and the recipient the network rumors.Information flow waterfalls,group polarization and biased absorption are considered as the spreading mechanism of online rumors.Finally,as to the so-called "chilling effect" predicament in handling rumors,the article proposes countermeasures should be taken such as public supervision,mechanism of information publicity,legal penalty of those rumor mongers,bridging the gap between mainstream media and public opinion.Only by these means,can we avoid group and disastrous online rumor events.