康德主体教育思想辨析

康德批判哲学体系的基本精神是理性和自由,其根本目的在于回答"什么是人"的问题。同时,贯穿康德批判哲学体系的主体思想也是康德主体教育思想的哲学基础。康德主体教育思想超越了此前的同类思想,具体体现为:教育以培养"成其为人"的人为教育目的;道德教育通过发展理性,遵守自身的道德律,实现自己的自由;以心理学、道德的教育和教育实验为基础的智育培养儿童的自主性、主动性和创造性。

On Kant's Education Thought of Subjectivity

Kant's critical philosophical system,of which the fundamental spirit is reason and freedom,aims to answer the question what human being is and his thought of subjectivity as the basis of his philosophy is manifested all through his educational theory.Kant's thought of subjectivity in education which surpassed similar ideas before him can be specified as follows: the purpose of education is to educate individuals to become "people they ought to be";moral education is to realize personal freedom by developing reason and self-discipline;intellectual education is to develop the capabilities of independence,initiativity,and creativity on the basis of psychology,moral education and educational experiment.