《论语》中的“君子”“小人”——现象学语境中的一种阅读尝试

在现象学的语境中,《论语》中“君子”和“小人”的含义大致可以归为三类:第一,不同的生存地位:君子指位尊者(士大夫),小人指位卑者(平民);第二,不同的生存状态:君子指本真的生存状态,小人指非本真的生存状态;第三,不同的生存追求:君子指追求“道”的人,小人指追求“利”的人。而且,在现象学的语境中解释“君子”和“小人”,可以揭示出现代汉语中君子、小人含义的现成化、单一化趋势的政治上和文化上的原因。

The Meanings of Gentleman and Small Man in Confucian Analects:A Reading from the Perspective of Phenomenology

From the phenomenological perspective,the meanings of"gentlemens" and"Small man"in"The Analects of Confu cius" roughly classified into three categories: First,the existence of the different status: gentleman is the people who has a higher status in social political life(Ruler),Small man is professional person(civilian);Second,the existence of the different state: the existence of the gentleman has authenticity,while the existence of Small man is thrown in ordinary;Third,the pur suit of different existence: gentlemen is the people who pursuits Goodness,and Small man is the people who pursuits interests.Moreover,the political and cultural reasons of what lead to the meanings of gentleman and Small man trend to rigidity and one ness in modern Chinese language could be revealed through the re-interpretation of Gentleman and Small man from phenome nological perspective.