不同混合回收模式和权力结构的逆向供应链决策分析

在制造商主导和销售商主导两种权力结构下,构建了制造商与销售商两者混合回收及制造商、销售商和第三方三者混合回收的四类逆向供应链模型,运用博弈理论求解,对四类逆向供应链进行比较发现:(1)回收竞争程度较高时,制造商的最优策略为制造商主导且两者混合回收;回收竞争程度较低时,制造商的最优策略为制造商主导且三者混合回收。(2)销售商的最优决策始终为参与制造商主导且制造商和销售商混合回收的逆向供应链,最差决策始终为销售商主导且三者混合回收的逆向供应链。(3)逆向供应链系统的最优决策为制造商主导两者混合回收或三者混合回收。(4)针对最佳权力结构和混合回收方式,制造商和逆向供应链系统的最优决策基本一致,均为制造商主导的逆向供应链;制造商、销售商和逆向供应链系统的最差策略均为销售商主导的逆向供应链。

Decision Analysis of Reverse Supply Chain with Different Mixture Recycling Modes and Power Structures

In order to improve the recycling rate of waste electrical and electronic products since the promulgation of the "Production Responsibility Extension System Implementation Plan", the government strongly encourages electrical and electronic product manufacturers to cooperate with retailers or third parties for recycling. In this context, based on the two power structures dominated by the manufacturer and the retailer, four types of reverse supply chain models are constructed when mixed recycling is manufacturer and retailer together or manufacturer, retailer and third party together.Using game theory, decision on mixed recycling mode was discussed from different perspectives, it is found that (1) if recycling degree is higher,that is 2s < k < 4.02742s, the optimal strategy of manufacturer is manufacturer-led and the two are mixed and recycled; If recycling degree is lower, that is k>4.02742s, the manufacturer's optimal strategy is manufacturer-led and the three firms mixed recycling. (2) Although the retailer has channel advantage in sales channel, the recycling enthusiasm is lower than the manufacturer, optimal decision for retailer is always manufacturer dominated and mixed recovery by manufacturer and retailer, the worst decision is always retailer dominated and mixed recovery by three firms. (3) If 2s < k < 3.91582s, then optimal decision for reverse supply chain system is manufacturer dominated and two firms mixed recovery, if k>3.91582s, then optimal decision for reverse supply chain system is manufacturer dominated and three firms mixed recovery. (4) According to the optimal power structure and hybrid recovery methods, reverse supply chain system's optimal decision-making is basically the same with manufacturer, optimal decision-making are both manufacturer dominated reverse supply chain; the worst strategy for three firms are retailer dominated reverse supply chain.Finally, conclusions are verified by a numerical example.The conclusions of this paper can provide theoretical references for reverse supply chain enterprises to choose recycling modes and partners.