天津民间宗教现实活动调查与对策研究

1980年代以来，随着我国改革开放国策的强劲推行和由此带来的社会巨大变化，与全国各地的民间宗教一样，天津民间宗教也出现了复活的态势，特别是步入21世纪以后，更是呈现出日益兴盛的发展趋势。 为了掌握天津民间宗教现实活动的真实情况，2008年7月至2009年6月，笔者运用宗教人类学的理论与方法，对活跃在天津的民间宗教，展开了田野调查。一年来，笔者走访了南开区、津南区、北辰区、西青区、东丽区、大港区、静海县、蓟县等地民间宗教活动比较盛行的七八个乡村城镇，调查了近百名男女老少信众，召开了十几次座谈会，并多次参加民间宗教举办的各种法会，现场观察了广大信众的信仰活动。为了调查天津民间宗教与外埠民间宗教的渊源关系，笔者还前往河北省沧县、平乡县和山东省惠民县、章丘县，调查了那里的民间宗教活动。此外，在调查过程中，笔者还采取社会学的“问卷”方法，向民间宗教信众发放了200份“问卷”。与此同时，笔者又采用宗教历史学的理论与方法，对天津民间宗教历史进行了简略回溯。在此基础上，笔者对天津民间宗教的历史与现状、天津民间宗教现实活动的特点进行了分析与研究，并就如何正确认识和妥善处理当代天津宗教信仰领域中的民间宗教问题，提出了对策建议。

An Investigation of and Countermeasure to the Current Religious Activitiesby People in Tianjin

Since the 1980g, along with the strong implementation of the reform and opening in China, and the tremendous social change from it, the religious activities by the people in Tianjin became reviving, just as the other provinces in the country. This is particularly obvious after the turning into the 21st century. In order to collect the real information about the religious activities in Tianjin, the writer of the present paper, from July 2008 to June 2009, applied the theories and methods for religious anthropology in the empirical investigation of these activities in Tianjin. Within about one year, the writer visited eight villages and towns in the districts of Nankai, Jinnan, Beichen, Xiqing, Dongli, and Dagang, as well as in the county of Jinghai and Jixian, where the religious activities were rather popular, investigating nearly 100 people of all ages and both sexes, holding over ten seminars, and participating and observing various religious activities. To investigate the interrelation between the activities in Tianjin and those in other places, the writer also went to Cangxian County, Pingxiang County in Hebei and Huimin County, Zhangqiu County in Shandong to investigate the popular religious activities there. During the investigation, the writer used the method for sociology and gave out 200 questionnaires. Meanwhile, the theory and method of religious history were applied to trace back to the popular religion in Tianjin history for a brief retrospective. Based on this, the history and current status of popular religion in Tianjin and the features of the activities were analyzed and studied, and some advice on how to understand correctly and how to handle the problem of current popular religious activities in Tianjin properly have been put forward.