“民主”程序的借用：袁世凯帝制建构的“现代”逻辑

合法性与有效性之间的张力限定政权生存和延续的可能空间。为了追求政权的稳定和延续，处于有效性困厄中的袁世凯，企图恢复其熟知的作为传统权威基础及其象征符号的帝制来自动生成其在近代社会的有效性。在辛亥革命的“宪政化”成果下，袁世凯借用“民主”程序来粉饰“民国”到“帝国”的连续性：通过垂询民意，论证变更国体的“合法性”；运用请愿、投票、“公选”等“民意”方式，推进变更国体的实践活动；利用“立法”这一现代路径，重构政治形态的传统取向。在这种结构形式与价值内容存在冲突的“现代”逻辑中，袁世凯欲求的有效性难以实现，合法性与有效性的张力成为制约袁世凯政权的“政治瓶颈”并使其终结成为必然。

On the Utilization Democratic Process: The Modern Logic of Yuan Shikai's Imperial Restoration

In order to pursue their stability and continuity,all the power-holders were looking for a political system that could unite the legitimacy and the efficacy.Hongxian Imperialism was the political choice of Yuan Shikai to automatically get the efficacy of modern society by the traditional legitimacy of imperialism authority,and to pursue the stability and the continuity of the regime.In order to obtain the only centralized power,he took use of the democratic procedure to make up the continuity from the republic to the imperialism,which was the modern way to break away from dilemma of efficacy crisis.