两级供应链中供应中断情形下零售商转运策略

考虑由两个供应商和两个零售商组成的两级供应链系统,且两个供应商以一定概率发生供货中断,基于供应商供货发生中断的四种情形,分别对零售商实施相互转运策略、单向转运策略和不转运策略下建立最优订货决策模型。从理论上比较了三种策略下零售商期望利润和订货量高低,并分析相互转运和单向转运策略下零售商期望利润和订货量与转运价格、转运成本之间的关系,最后运用算例进行验证,同时分析了三种策略下,供应中断概率和其它主要参数的变化对零售商期望利润和最优订货量的影响。

Retailer Transshipment Policy with Supply Disruption in a Two Stage Supply Chain

Many supply chain risks result from supply risk. Once supply disruption occurs, a retailer with stock out usually transships product from other retailers with surplus product to meet the demand. Therefore, retailer transshipment policy with supply disruption in a supply chain is studied in this paper. Considering a two-stage supply chain consisting of two suppliers and two retailers with supply disruption, jointly considering four cases of supply disruption, retailers' order quantity decision models with product two-direction transshipment, one-direction transshipment and non-transshipment are developed. Order quantity and profit under three different transshipment policies are compared, and impact of transshipment price and transshipment cost on retailers' order quantity and profit are analyzed. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed model, and analyze the impact of supply disruption probability and other parameters on retailers' optimal order quantity and profits. It is shown that the profits of retailers with two-direction transshipment are greater than those with one-direction transshipment, and the profits of retailers with one-direction transshipment are greater than those with non-transshipment. For the retailer who transship out the product under one-direction transshipment policy, the order quantity with one-direction transshipment is greater than that with non-transshipment, and the order quantity with non-transshipment is greater than that with two-direction transshipment. For the retailer who transship in the product under one-direction transshipment policy, the order quantity with non-transshipment is greater than that with two-direction transshipment, and the order quantity with two-direction transshipment is greater than that with one-direction transshipment. The contribution of this paper lies in three aspects. Firstly, previous research doesn't jointly consider the supply disruption and product transshipment, while four different cases of supply disruption and three different transshipment policies of retailers are considered in this paper. Secondly, previous research mostly studies the transshipment policy of retailers with one supplier, whereas the transshipment policies of retailers with two suppliers are investigated in this paper. Thirdly, previous research mostly only considers one-direction transshipment or two-direction transshipment; however, not only one-direction transshipment but also two-direction transshipment are studied in this paper, and performs comparison analysis between them are carried out.