地理环境与人类社会——孟德斯鸠、黑格尔“地理环境决定论”史观比较

近代西方学者中，孟德斯鸠和黑格尔都是“地理环境决定论”者，但同时他们的有关认识和思想也存在着重要的不同之处。孟德斯鸠关于地理环境决定人们的性格和心态，人们的性格和心态又决定产生何种政治、法律制度的理论，虽未能科学阐明人类历史发展与地理环境的关系，但已开始走出历史唯心主义的迷宫。而黑格尔在描述各种地理环境中人们的社会生活及民族性格的时候，注意到了因不同的地理环境，人们从事着不同的物质生产活动，意识到物质生产活动方式与人类社会生活的其他方面及民族性格的某种联系。黑格尔地理环境问题的思想比孟德斯鸠有了重要进步，更符合人类历史的实际。

Geographical Environment and Human society:a Comparison between Montesquieu and Hegel

In the eyes of western scholars,Montesquieu and Hegel were both geographic environmental determinists. But they were greatly different in their cognition and mentality. Montesquieu already walked out of the labyrinth of historical idealism though he had failed to scientifically distinguish the relationship between the development of human history and geographical environment. On the other hand,Hegel realized there was a certain connection between the mode of material production activity and the other aspect...