美国专利法的演变-从宽松到限制

美国是世界上最早建立专利制度的国家之一，殖民地时期已有专利授权。自1790年颁布专利成文法至今，审视立法及司法过程，由专利主题、授权标准、专利效力质疑难易、侵权保护强弱等几个维度考察，美国专利法大体上经历了宽松、平衡、扩张、限制的演变过程。成文法与判例法并非完全同步，在某个阶段判例法会对成文法加以修改或完善，修订的成文法则对判例法的理念和规则加以吸收。专利政策的调整与其经济、科技发展状况密切相关。

On the Evolution of America Patent Law-from Loose to Restrictions

The United States is one of the first countries that establishes patent system in the world, and authorized patents have been existed during the colonial period. Examining the legislation and the judicial process, we can conclude that USA patent law has experienced the evolution process of loose, balance, expansion and restriction since 1790 throughout dimensions of patent subject, standard, patent validity and strength of infringement protection. Statute law and case law are not perfectly synchronized, at some stage, statute law will be amended or perfected by cases, and it will absorb the law concepts and rules of cases. The adjustment of patent policy is closely related with the development of economy, science and technology.