非营利的困惑：近代工商同业公会的经费问题探析

近代工商同业公会的经费问题不是一个单纯的经济问题，而是反映公会民间性、公信力、执行力的一个重要标准。近代同业公会在法律上为非营利性的民间行业自治组织，经费自筹是其自主性、民间性的重要基础。同业公会的经费收入主要依赖会费、捐款，但仍有一些公共性营收。绝大多数同业公会都面临着经费困境，并且影响到公会组织的生存和职能发挥。造成这一困境有同业公会自身凝聚力的问题，但是经济不景气及过度的社会捐赠也影响到同业公会的支出倾向和在行业自治方面的行动力。

The Dilemma of Non-profit: a Probe into the Problem about the Funds for the Modern Commerce Trade Association

The problem about funds for the trade associations not only is an economic problem,but also reflects the important standard of the non-governmental characteristics,the credibility and the execution of the associations.The modern trade associations are the non-profitable,civilian and autonomous organizations.To collect funds all by themselves is the important base for their autonomy and non-governmental characteristics.The income of the trade associations is mainly from the dues and the donations,though with some public incomes.But most of the associations are facing the problems of funds,which affect the existence of the associations and the playing of their functions.The problems come into being because of the problems of the cohesion of the associations themselves.But the depression of the economy and over-exhausting social donation also affect the expenditure tendency of the associations and its energy in their autonomous aspects.