出口企业生产率悖论——基于生产效率两极分化视角的诠释

基于2005—2007年广东省信息技术企业数据,对中国企业存在的“出口生产率悖论”提供了一种解释。首先利用非参数的相对分布方法,来识别出口企业与内销企业在生产效率上的分布差异,发现相对于内销企业而言,高生产效率和低生产率企业并存于出口企业中,即其出口效率存在明显的两极分化。进一步基于面板联立方程的实证结果,在控制了企业出口行为与生产率之间内生性的基础上,发现虽然出口显著提高了企业的生产效率,但生产效率并未显著影响企业的出口行为。出口企业生产效率的两极分化,即高生产效率和低生产效率的企业同时存在于出口企业中,是“出口生产率悖论”的一种可能的解释。

The Mystery of Productivity Paradox in the Export Enterprises: Explication from the Perspective of the Polarization of Productivity

According to the statistics of the IT enterprises in Guangdong Province from 2005 to 2007, this paper aims to explain the ＂export productivity paradox＂ that exists in the Chinese enterprises. First a relative distribution method of non-parameter is adopted to identify the distributional differences in productivity of the export enterprises and the domestic market ones. With respect to the latter, both the high-productivity enterprises and the lowproductivity ones co-exist in the former, which means that the sharp polarization exists in the export productivity. The further empirical study based on the panel simultaneous equation indicates that, when the internality between the export behavior of the enterprises and productivity is controlled, the export can sharply improve the productivity of the enterprise but the latter fails to affect the former significantly. The polarization in the produc- tivity of the export enterprises, namely the co-existence of the high-productivity and low-productivity enterprises in the export ones, is one possible explanation of the ＂productivity paradox of the export enterprises＂.