论虚无主义与形而上学——基于唯物史观与文明论意义上的思考

从文明论的视角来看,形而上学不应被理解为一种把超验、普遍、本质、永恒的世界视为真实而把与之相反的世界视为虚幻,或者是提供一种具有普遍性和客观性、对所有人都具有规范性的终极答案的哲学理论,而应视之为一门专门研究最普遍的范畴之学问,这种学问在各个时期和不同文明背景下的不同,反映了各(时期)文明所采取的基本假定和框架.任何形而上学都不是超文明的、超历史的；脱离文化境遇的、没有任何历史特性的形而上学,是一种过分的夸张或虚妄.没有任何一种形而上学是永恒的,一种形而上学的命运跟与之相适应的文明的兴衰内在地连接在一起.鉴于西方现代文明的虚无主义本性,应该立足于中国文明的复兴来建构一种反映中华文明特色、吸收西方现代文明特长的中国化的形而上学,一味地跟着西方人声称形而上学的衰落、死亡,是对当下中国文化责任的不自觉,是哲学本土话语的主体性丧失.

A Reflection upon Nihilism and Metaphysics:Based on Historical Materialism and Theory of Civilization

In the context of civilization theory rather than theory of class,metaphysics is never tantamount to what holds,in the sense of nihilism,that real is the transcendental,the universal,the essential and the eternal,while the opposite turns to be unreal.Nor is metaphysics supposed to be understood as the philosophical doctrine that provides an ultimate solution with universality and objectivity for all human beings.Fundamentally a quest for universal truth,metaphysics is,in different historical period and societies,never the same in its principles and theoretic framework reflecting cultures respectively.No metaphysics is beyond history and culture,and indeed metaphysics without cultural and historical features is unimaginable.Without universality,metaphysics of every kind always ties itself with the culture,where it finds itself in.In view of the characteristic nihilism intrinsic to modern western culture,constructed on the foundation of the renaissance of Chinese civilization should be an indigenized metaphysics,which absorbs the quintessence of western modern civilization.Following the western mode so blindly as to claim the death of metaphysics is actually a negation of one’s commitment to Chinese culture,and an indication that the subjectivity in Chinese philosophy is lost.