我国环境基本国策之检视与展望——基于法定主义的规范分析

我国环境基本国策经历了“政治和政策范畴”到“宪法和法律范畴”的历史转型，应坚持法定主义，防止和祛除“领导人化”、“泛政策化”、“随意化”、“部门化”等弊端。已经“入法”的环境基本国策分别是“保护环境”、“节约资源”、“十分珍惜、合理利用土地和切实保护耕地”，其中后两者有待整合到前者上来，统称为环境基本国策并加以重新解读。“水土保持”的基本国策化之路已经走向政策终结，应充分发挥其他基本国策环境保护的规范功能。“保护环境”基本国策“入法”有三大理由和意义，应摒弃传统“方针条款”理论，合理借鉴“制度性保障”和“宪法委托”理论，并将其效力拓展至所有国家公权力，从而成为具有约束力的“国家目标条款”，以强化国家环境义务之履行。

Review and Prospect of China's Basic State Environmental Policy: Based on the Normative Analysis of Legal Principle

China’s basic stateenvironmental policy has experienced historical transition from “political and policy category” to “constitutional and law category”.Principle of legality should be followed to prevent leadership interferences,extensive use of policy,random decision-making and execution of individual department.Presently the basic state policies included in the law are “protection of environment”,“conservation of resources”,“rational utilization of land” and “practical protection of farmland”.With the policy of “conservation of water and soil” coming to an end,other state environmental policies should play their roles to protect environment.The policy of “environmental protection” has its right reason to be included in the law,and the traditional policy clauses should be abandoned.Theories of institutional guarantee and constitutional entrustment should be applied to national public power to intensify its obligation to protect environment.