宗族观念与族群认同--以四川藏族尔苏人为例

藏族尔苏人的宗族概念“德”（ de ）有“姓”的含义，与“德”相对应的是“潘策”（ phantshie ），跟汉语的“氏”概念接近。研究显示，属于某个特定尔苏宗族“德”的人必然是尔苏人，然而属于某个“潘策”的人则不一定是尔苏人。尔苏的扎拉洼“潘策”里出现包括强烈认同藏族的“多续西番”的情况，由此带动该“潘策”尔苏人认同藏族。由宗族观念考察尔苏族群和文化认同建构问题，可以进一步帮助我们理解尔苏人的“族群形成过程”。

The Idea of Lineage and Ethnic Identity-A Case Study of the Ersu People of Sichuan Province

The Ersu people have a special concept “dde” to express the idea of lineage.It is similar to the Mandarin“xing”（ family name） .And there is another concept “phan tshie” corresponds to the “dde”.“Phan tshie” is similar to the Mandarin“shi”（ sub-family name） .According to the results of this research, someone who is belonging to one“dde”must belong to the ethnic Ersu, and someone who claims belonging to a“phan tshie” might not to be the member of ethnic Ersu.Therefore, the Zhalawa“phan tshie”of Ersu involves some other members who are from another ethnic group Duoxu who had been classified themselves as Tibetan very strongly.This situation makes the members of Zhalawa“phan tshie” to identify them into Tibetan which some other Ersu people claim themselves as a separating ethnic group from Tibetan in 1980s.This paper shows ethnogenesis of ethnic Ersu through the reconstruction of ethnic and cultural identities.