论环境监管失职罪的罪过形式

环境监管失职罪罪过形式的立法空白导致司法实践中对该罪的认定困难。环境监管失职罪的主观方面是单一罪过形式,有且只能有过失这一种罪过形式。较之一般犯罪而言,环境监管失职罪的犯罪构造稍显特殊,负有环境监管职责的国家机关工作人员需承担两个层级的注意义务,一是对被监管者之危害行为或者其他外力因素存在的认知义务,二是对由此可能造成的法益危害结果的预见义务和对危害结果的回避义务,违反注意义务便有成立过失犯罪的可能。环境监管失职罪属于监督过失型犯罪,审判实践中应将其与出于故意心态的滥用职权罪区别开来,准确定性环境监管领域的渎职犯罪行为。

On the Fault Form of the Environmental Supervision and Dereliction of Duty Crime

The fault form of the Environmental Supervision and Dereliction of Duty Crime is undefined, thus leading to the difficulty of its operation in the judicial practice. The subjective aspect of the crime must be single fault form of negligence, and environmental supervision dereliction of duty crime distinguishes itself when compared with average crimes, for its subjects who are responsible for environmental protection should bear duty of care in double aspects, including realizing the harmful acts of the regulated or other external factors, and the foreseeable obligations and avoidance obligations to prevent the outcome of harmful consequences presence. Environmental supervision and dereliction of duty crime shall be categorized into crime of supervisory negligence, which is far different from the crime of abusing power with the fault of intent and should be differentiated accurately in judicial practices.