张家山汉简《二年律令》研究述评

近五年来,有关张家山汉简《二年律令》的研究有了较大拓展,主要集中在五个方面。一是律文释疑,包括律文的制作年代、简的分类和顺序、简文个别字词的理解。二是政治史研究,包括官制、吏治、中央与地方关系、关津制度。三是经济史研究,包括土地制度、税收制度、赋役制度、货币制度。四是社会文化史研究,包括户籍问题、继承问题、妇女问题、奴婢问题。五是法律史研究,主要侧重考察《二年律令》中律令的渊源、分类与格式、法律思想、刑罚原则以及具体刑罚。总结近年学界对《二年律令》的研究成果,将有助于秦汉史的进一步深入研究。

A Survey of the Research on Second Year Law of the Bamboo Slips from the Han Dynasty Tomb Unearthed in Zhangjiashan

In the past five years,the research on Second Year Law has advanced greatly both in depth and in width.It has mainly concentrated on the following five aspects.Firstly,the explanation of the law,which focused on the time that it was formed,the classification and order of the bamboo slips,and the interpretation of particular words.Secondly,the application of the law,which mainly concerned the official organization and system,the relationship between the central government and the local government,and the checking system at the gates and ports.Thirdly,the economic system such as the land system,tax system,and monetary system.Fourthly,the problem of society and culture,which focused on the problem of census register,inheritance,woman,and waitress.Fifthly,the history of law,which put the emphasis on the source and the classification and style of the law,the principle of the award,and the specific principle of punishment.Drawing a conclusion of the recent research on it can be helpful to the study of the history of the Qin-Han Dynasties.