福利多元主义视角下城市“老漂族”精神赡养问题研究——以广州市三个典型社区为例

本研究聚焦渐趋普遍的“老漂族”群体异地养老现象,关注其精神健康。以福利多元和精神赡养理论为分析框架,对广州市三个老年流动人口较集中地区的“老漂族”进行问卷调查及访谈,通过多元线性回归分析政府、家庭、社区、市场等主体的服务供给对“老漂族”异地养老精神需求产生的影响,剖析“老漂族”异地精神赡养的需求和供给现状。本文的主要结论是,目前的养老福利托底政策和市场补充供给的不足给“老漂族”带来异地养老尤其是精神赡养上一定的困难,建议更多地发挥家庭、社区和社会组织的作用,提倡养老资源供给模式应将物质服务和精神扶助结合起来,实现养老渠道多样化、社会福利供给主体多元化,形成多元供给主体之间的协调与互补,共同支撑起能够惠及“老漂族”异地精神赡养的养老服务体系。

An Empirical Study on the Supply and Demand of Spiritual Support for the Floating Elderly in Cities:A Analysis of 3 Typical Communities in Guangzhou

This study focuses on the increasingly widespread phenomenon of floating elderly cares in the inflow cities and the mental health of the floating elderly.Based on the theories of welfare pluralism and spiritual support and the data from the questionnaire survey and interviews survey made in 3 typical communities with aggregated old floating elderly in Guangzhou,the paper analyzes the influence of elderly support service supplied by government,family,community and market on the old floating elderly's spiritual demand to evaluate the imbalance of the demand and supply status of the floating elderly's spiritual support by multiple linear regression.The findings show that the current welfare policies supporting the the elderly and the supplementary supply by market are somehow a supply shortage bringing about various difficulties to the floating elderly support especially their spiritual support in the inflow cities.The implications are that the motivation of the increasing supply by the family,the community and the social organizations with balanced supply of both material and spiritual supports,and the diversified abundant supply of elderly support channels,social welfare suppliers can help form the coordination and complementary among the diversified suppliers to meet the spiritual support demand of the floating elderly.