清代海拉尔旅蒙商“八大家”考释

在清代呼伦贝尔商业发展史上，海拉尔“八大家”之说最为著名也广为流传，但有关“八大家”的真实性、具体名称等都存在较大的争议。海拉“八大家”之说是旅蒙商进入海拉尔的历史事实与一些民间传说耦合而成的，与多伦诺尔“八大家”之说有密切联系，且原型为清初张家口的“皇商八大家”。另外，海拉尔“八大家”中的一些商号的具体情况也是能够考证清楚的。

Textual Research on the Eight Great Businesses of Hailar in Qing Dynasty

In the history of the development of Hailar commercial, the story of Hailar＇ s eight great businesses is the most famous and popular, but there is a big controversy on the authenticity and specific name of Hailar＇ s eight great businesses. The story of Hailar＇ s eight great businesses contains the history and folklore of the merchants in Mongolia. There is close contaction between Dolon Nuur＇ s eight great businesses and Hailar＇ s, their prototype is Zhangjiakou＇ s eight imperial businesses in the early Qing Dynasty. In addition, some of the specific facts of Hailar＇ s eight great businesses are able to verify clearly.