中国古代禅净合流的三种模式

中国佛教的禅净双修传统,在明末清初之际经由三大高僧的倡导,奠定了三种有代表性的修行模式:憨山德清主张以禅摄净,强调一切净土皆为心造,并从禅观的角度,以念佛观想为通达净土的正因,以参究念佛融摄禅净;云栖祩宏力倡导禅归净,以净土念佛求生西方为主,辅以禅宗的参禅方法,以参究念佛作为导禅归净的方便;蕅益智旭则以净统禅,认为禅、教、律、密不可分,并以净土法门涵盖整个佛教。禅净合流三种模式的形成,对佛教的发展产生了重大影响,并在近现代得到了继承与发扬。

Three Models of Dhyana-Sukhavati Confluence in Ancient China

The late Ming(1368-1644) and early Qing(1644-1911) dynasties witnessed the establishment of three models of Buddhist cultivation advocated respectively by three eminent monks,i.e.,Master Hanshandeqing(1546-1623),who proposed the substitution of Dhyana for Sukhavati;Master Yunqizhuhong(1535-1615),who advocated the incorporation of the former in the latter,and Master Ouyizhixu(1599-1655),who argued for the domination of the latter over the former.The establishment of the three models has had great impact upon...