欺骗并胁迫而索财行为之定性研究

诈骗罪和敲诈勒索罪的教义学结构决定了一个行为不能同时构成诈骗罪和敲诈勒索罪。考察欺骗并胁迫而索财行为的性质,不能以被害人的实际心理状态为依据,也不能以行为人的主观认识为标准,而必须借助于社会一般观念对行为的客观性质进行分析。以欺骗、胁迫、索财三个行为要素之间的关系为切入点,可将欺骗并胁迫而索财的行为分为单一胁迫型、单一欺骗型、以骗为主型和以吓为主型四种行为类型。对于单一欺骗型与以骗为主型的欺骗并胁迫而索财行为而言,行为人的欺骗行为起到了根本性的作用,它为行为人的索财行为提供了正当性依据,因而成立诈骗罪;对于单一胁迫型与以吓为主型的欺骗并胁迫而索财行为而言,行为人的胁迫行为发挥了关键的作用,它是行为人的索财行为得以进行的事实保障,因而成立敲诈勒索罪。

Study on the Nature of Extortion by the Means of Deception and Coercion

Fraud and extortion have different doctrinal structure, which means that an act cannot be both Fraud and extortion at the same time. When analyzing the legal nature of the behavior of getting property by means of both deception and coercion, we cannot base the conclusion on the victim＇s state of mind, nor on the perpetrator＇s subjective understanding, but on the public＇ s perception. We can divide all the behavior of getting property into four categories by means of both deception and coercion： the first one is the pure coercion, the second one is the pure deception, the third one is the mainly coercion and the forth one is the mainly deception. This paper argues that the first one and the third one are Extortion, while the other two are fraud.