指示、英语时态系统与英语时态选用

指示是语言与语境的一个接口。英语时态系统的形成是操英语的人们在时间轴上切分客观世界的结果 ,分现在时态系统与过去时态系统 ,以现在时态系统为规范。在这两个系统中 ,分别以一般现在时与一般过去时为规范 ,其他时态都相对于各自的规范时态。英语时态的选用 ,一般先选用时态系统 ,再选用规范时态 ,然后根据需要选用其他时态。但英语时态系统的选用与体裁之间具有相关性。

Deixis, the English Tense System and the Selection of English Tense

Deixis serves as an interface between utterance and context. The English tense system, composed of the present and the past sub-systems, is based on the human division of the objective world along the time axis. The present and the past tense system, which takes the present as its norm, each have its own simple tense as the norm within its respective system with other tenses relative to the norm. In the selection of English tenses, the tense system is first determined and then the norm of the system with other tenses chosen in relation to the norm. In addition, the selection of English tense is correlated with the genre for which the selection is intended.