政府能力的政策学视角

文章从政策学的视角探讨如下问题:如何理解政府能力;政府能力来自何处:如何提高政府能力。作者认为,政府能力包括有效而准确地把握所需信息的能力、集聚或汲取为解决政策问题所需要的各种资源的能力、在尽量减少这些资源浪费的前提下把各种信息和资源转化为能够确实改善现状的政策方案,以及有效地实现政策方案来使这些产品的消费者感到满意的能力等。政府能力主要来源于政府投入及政府过程,从另一个角度也可以认为主要来自其体制或结构和政府各部门的功能及公务员的素质。为提高政府能力的努力,要以政策问题为中心。这就是说,为提高政府能力的努力要以政策目标为导向,在政府投入和政府运行过程上建立起完善的决策和执行体制,而这种体制就是民主体制和官僚制。彰显和谐的团队精神以及增强政府公务员能力的努力,也将在合理而稳定的体制下才能充分实现其意义。

Policy Perspective of Government Ability

From the perspective of policy, this paper mainly discusses the following questions: how to comprehend the government ability; where the government ability comes from; and how to improve this kind of ability. In this essay, the author holds that the government ability contains many kinds of abilities referring to the government, such as the ability to master the necessary information correctly and effectively, to collect or draw various resources which serve for resolving the policy issues, to transform the information and resources into the policy program that would improve the present situation with considering the premise of inducing the waste of these resources as few as possible, and to accomplish policy program to satisfy the consumers of these production. The government ability mainly comes from the government investment and government process.From another angle, its major resource is its organization or structure, the function of government departments and quality of public servants. Trying to improve the government ability should be based on the focus of policy questions.In other words, improving the government ability should be directed by policy aim,and during the government investment and government process build perfect policy-making and execution system, that is, democratic system and bureaucratic system. It is under the reasonable and stable system of organization that the efforts of distinguishing harmonious team spirit and raising the ability of public servants realize its significance.